Seo+Youn

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Frog dissection Seo Youn Cheon Group members: Shine Bang, In Kyung Lee

__Aim:__ I will dissect a frog in order to observe the external and internal structures of frog anatomy. __Materials:__ In kyung and I went to Carrefour and bought a bull frog from the-_-fish corner. I think it means…Chinese eat bull frogs for…meals. However, so it was easy to get a frog. It is in the plastic bag.
 * Preserved frog (a bull frog)
 * Dissection Pan
 * Goggles
 * Dissection kit
 * Scalpel
 * Forceps
 * Scissors
 * Dissecting Pins
 * Probes

Before dissecting it, put it in the refrigerator and make it sleep then put it in the freezer and let it die. Or you can just put it under anesthesia. __Procedures:__ 1) Put on safety goggles, gloves, and a lab apron. 2) Turn the frog on its back and pin down the legs. Cut the hinges of the mouth and open it wide. 3) Look for the opening to the frog’s **cloacae**, located between the hind legs. Use forceps to lift the skin and use scissors to cut along the center of the body from the cloacae to the lip. Lift and cut through the muscles and breast bone to open up the body cavity. Turn back the skin, cut toward the side at each leg, and pin the skin flat. 4) After cutting finished, first, lift up the stomach and cut it off from the esophagus. So if you lift up the stomach then you will see all the intestines will be lifted up too. Then cut it off from the bladder. 5) Secondly, lift of the liver and cut it off. When you cut the organs you will see so many membranes and vessels around them, covering them. 6) Find the artery, two lungs and a heart between the lungs in the chest. Remove them one by one. 7) Remove the kidneys and look for threadlike spinal nerves that extend from the spinal cord. Dissect a thigh, and trace one nerve into a leg muscle. Note the size and texture of the leg muscles. 8) You will also find spleen above where the large intestine was and pancreas above where the stomach was. After removing all the organs out of the frog’s body, Dispose of your materials. Clean up your work area and wash your hands before leaving the lab.

Observation: On My 9th Wednesday, Mr. Happer got us our frog which was in a refrigerator for about five days. It was all frozen and dead, it was so hard too. So Shine and I brought a hair drier from an art room. We dried it for about 20 minutes and it got slowly melted. The skin of it also got very smooth. So we started dissecting it. It was so stink that we couldn’t even breathe. However, about 20mins later I adapted. But Shine had to stand the pain until all the dissection finished. I cut it from cloacae all the way to the mouth. It was full of eggs, black eggs; I found that it’s a female one. The frog was so hard to get rid of all those eggs. First, we lifted up intestine, it was very long, seems like it’s almost about 12times of the frog’s tall. There were kidneys behind the intestines, and 4 livers covering middle of the body, stomach was hiding behind the livers. There was still some blood, which is not coagulated. I was surprise and curious that why the dead frog still has blood that is not coagulated. In the mouth of it the tongue was hung down, light pink one. We couldn’t make its legs straight because it has become rigid. Eventually when we got out all the organs, we could see the vertebra.

N.B.: Next time I should buy a male frog. It was so annoying and difficult to get rid of all those eggs. There were about billions of them. Or……I should bring a spoon…….

My opinion: I’d rather put the frog under the anesthesia than put it in the refrigerator. Anesthetized frog is not stinking and we do not need to waste our time on drying the frog. Also the colors of the frog’s organs clear too. In addition, the heart of dead frog is drooped; when it’s anesthetized we can see the heart beating. (I think it’s good experience to observe-_-) most people say it’s cruel, but I think not……. I think put it in the refrigerator to freeze it and put it under the anesthesia is the same cruel. Therefore I prefer anesthetized frogs~!

This is the hair drier we used All the organs are taken out from the frog’s body now These are the organs taken out from it The final result of our investigation of dissecting a frog
 * __I took some pictures when the investigation finished__**


 * __Glossary:__**

2. **Apron:** noun, a piece of clothing worn over the front of the body, form the chest or the waist down, and tied around the waist, Aprons are worn over other clothes to keep them clean, for example when cooking. - Before dissecting, you should put on your lab apron. - Find the artery and the other vessels in the frog’s body 5. **Cavity:** noun, a hole or empty space inside something solid - Lift and cut through the muscles and breast bone to open up the body cavity. - Stomach is one of the digestive systems. 7. **Dispose:** verb, to arrange things or people in a particular way or position. - After removing all the organs out of the frog’s body, dispose of your materials. 8. **Dissection:** verb, to cut up a dead person, animal or plant in order to study it. - The title of this investigation is frog dissection - You can see that stomach is connected with Esophagus 10. **Forceps:** noun, an instrument used by doctors, with two long thin pars for picking up and holding things. – Forceps is one of the materials you should prepare - Cut the hinges of the mouth and open it wide. - Take out all the organs from the frog’s body - There is a spleen behind the intestines - You will see pancreas above the stomach.
 * 1.** **Anesthesia:** noun, kinds of medicine to make something or somebody sleep.
 * -** Before dissecting, you must put the frog under the anesthesia.
 * 3.** **Artery:** noun, any of the tubes that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
 * 4.** **Bladder:** noun, an organ that is shaped like a bag in which liquid waste collects before it is passed out of the body.
 * -** Lift up the bladder and cut it.
 * 6.** **Digest:** verb, when you digest food, or it digests, it is changed into substances that your body can use.
 * 9.** **Esophagus:** noun, the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach.
 * 11.****Hinge:** noun, a piece of metal, plastic, etc. on which a door, lid or gate moves freely as it opens or closes.
 * 12.****Organ:** noun, a part of the body that has a particular purpose, such as the heart or the brain; part of a plant with a particular purpose
 * 13.** **Spleen:** noun, a small organ near the stomach that controls the quality of the blood.
 * 14.** **Spinal:** adj, connected with the SPINE (= the long bone in the back)
 * -** After you take out all the organs, you will see the spinal nerve connected with the spine.
 * 15.** **Pancreas:** noun, an organ near the stomach that produces INSULIN and a liquid that helps the body to DIGEST food.

Shine Bang and I tried to investigate frog’s stomach. 1) First we dissected another new frog to get the stomach. There were another 2 groups dissected the same frog with us, because what they want were different from ours. So we were able to use the same frog. 2) After opening the frog’s body, we took off the stomach. 3) We cut the stomach in half from the end of the stomach to beginning. So that we can see the inside of it.
 * Frog Stomach** RESULT
 * To investigate how does the tissue of frog’s stomach look like.**

4) Then, we cut off some cells and put them under the microscope. 5) However, we could not see anything, but only something big and yellowish……. 6) We tried so many times, but we only could see the same one. 7) So we just gave up and researched some information about the tissue of frog’s stomach. Actually, at the beginning, our purpose was to investigate the tissue of frog’s small intestine. However, the width of small intestine was too thin, it was so hard to cut it in half and get the cell out of it. Therefore, Shine Bang and I changed our plan into investigating the stomach. This is the real picture of tissue of frog's stomach, **//Rana temporaria//**. By the way, we could not find the tissue like this when we put our frog's cell under the microscope.

[|If we have done our experiment well, then we might have also found this tissue from our frog.]