DRAFT

=**Don't Go Towards the Light :)**=

Our experiment's results could be used in the real world in many ways. One example is that if you were building a greenhouse for plants then you would need to know how much light is necessary and how much will it affect the plants you are trying to grow. Our experiment will tell you these answers. The main goal in our experiment is to see how the amount of light affects how well a plant grows. We are also seeing if a plant can grow through a maze and find the light. This however is not our primary goal, our primary goal is the first goal i mentioned, to see how much light affects how well a plant grows. My Expectations for this experiment is that the plant with the most light on it will grow the fastest and will be able to find the light. I think that the one with the least light showing will not grow very well, nor will it be able to find the light. Variables that we will have to control are
 * 1) the amount of time in the light
 * 2) the distance the plant is away from the light
 * 3) the amount of water used on each individual plant
 * 4) the amount of soil used


 * Materials:**
 * 1) Petri dishes (3)
 * 2) Bean seeds (12)
 * 3) Water
 * 4) Cardboard boxes (4)
 * 5) Tape
 * 6) Lights (3)

1. make a maze using the cardboard box by taping the dividers upright. cut a hole in the side of the box where the maze ends. repeat this 3 different times. 2. plant 4 bean seed in each pot. 3. place the flower pot(s) in the beginning of the maze. close the box so that the only light in the box that comes from the whole you cut 4. over the next 2 weeks open the box every two to three days to water and observe the seedlings. record your observations each time. the picture wouldnt load. i'll try again on the schools computer. :)
 * Procedure:**

1. when cutting the box be careful
 * Safety Precautions:**

Expectations: The First two expectations tie into my big idea of photosynthesis. The two relate two each other in obvious ways. One way is that how much the process of photosynthesis depends on light, and whether or not it can survive with a limited amount of light. I think that while the process of photosynthesis does require light, it will still be able to function with a smaller source of light than normal. I think that, however, limiting the amount of light for the plants will cause it to not grow as fast as the other boxes that have more light showing on the plant.
 * i expect the one with the most light to grow the fastest
 * i also expect that same one to be able to grow around the maze easiest
 * i expect the one with the least light to grow the slowest
 * i don't think that it will be able to grow around the maze.

Here are some measurements that we took during the experiment, as well as some qualitive experiments i tried to put it in, not sure if it worked :) My Expectations for this experiment is that my box, the one with the most light coming through to the plant, is the one that will grow the fastest. It will be the one that it will be the easiest to measure, and I think that the plants will grow towards the light. Today i observed that my bean seed had grown by far the most since last time. destinies had grown some, and maddies had grown the least. we decided to place the beans in soil as opposed to the water in the petri dish that we had been using previously. we decided to change it to soil to avoid mold growing on the seeds later, which mr happer had told us had been a problem in the past. So far i see no growth towards the light, but its too early to tell. i was absent that day, so n/a on the qualitative observations :) we noticed that Maddie's bean sprouts had kind of died, and weren;t growing very fast. destinies were the bean sprouts that had shown any progress at all really. hers were noticeably growing towards the light, and around the cardboard maze. mine was not growing very fast, and were about the same as Maddie's, **i think that there is a error in here,** probably from lack of water.
 * Results:**
 * Day One Qualitative Obervations:**
 * Day Two Qualitative Observations:**
 * Day Three Qualitative Observations:**
 * Day Four Qualitative Observations:**

In the middle of the experiment, our bean sprouts werent growing nearly fast enough, so Mr Happer gave us a longer bean sprout to use. This, I think didnt work out as we expected, i have not included the measurements of the longer bean sprouts because not only is it not necessary, it would be confusing as well, and would create an error in the graph. And while i did not have time to answer one of my questions because of lack of time and or data, i was able to answer the primary question i wanted to, which was does the amount of light affect how well and fast a plant can grow? The answer, based on my experiment, is yes. My plant, which had the most light, was the one that grew the most on average. Maddie's was the one that had the least light, and it grew the least.
 * Overall Observations:**

My observations are similar to my expectations in some aspects. For example, I predicted that the box with the most light would have the fastest growing plant, and the one with the least would grow the slowest. These statements, based on my experiment, are both true. However, the other question i asked (can a plant find its way through the maze to the light?) was correct, according to my expectations, **but i do not believe that the data i gathered is correct,** due to lack of time as well as the fact that i think some students had turned the light off during the middle of class. One thing that i did not predict would happen was that the bean sprouts would grow mold. I think that they grew mold from being constantly exposed to water. A question that arises after finishing this experiment is still "is a plant able to find its way through the maze to the light?" since i dont think that i can accurately base the answer i have gotten on my data from this experiment. If i were to change one thing about this experiment that i did, i would put the boxes and lights out of reach from the other students, because often when i came into class my light for my plant was turned off, so my data is not completely accurate. The most difficult part of the procedure, which i had not anticipated, is keeping the light turned on, and struggling to keep the varibles that were supposed to be constant, constant.
 * Discussions:**


 * Appendix 1:**

-Flowers are angiosperms before they bloom. Etymology [?]
 * Angiosperm:** A plant whose ovules are enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant

Auxins are what enable phototropism to work. Etymology [?]
 * Auxins:** plant hormones

Flowers typically have buds. Etymology: Middle English bud'der
 * Buds**- the outer enclosure of undeveloped tissue that can produce new stems and leaves

-Chlorophyll is in plant cells, and in our bean sprouts. Etymology [?]
 * Chlorophyll**: principal pigment of plants and other photosensitive organisms; captures the light energy

- Our bean sprouts use chloroplasts when they go through photosynthesis Etymology-[?]
 * Chloroplast:** Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.

-The cortex of our bean sprouts is not visible to us unless we cut apart the roots of our bean sprouts. Etymology: from latin roots, bark
 * Cortex**: the spongy layer of ground tissue just inside the epidermis of a root

-Our beansprouts were Embryos on DAY ONE observations because they had not fully developed Etymology: Bruin: from greek, means full to bursting
 * Embryo**: organism in its early stage of development

-Leaves grow on trees, flowers and many different plants, and also grow on our beansprouts Etymology: Leave, from old english
 * Leaves-** Are photosynthetic organs that contain one or more bundles of vascular tissue.

-Our sprouts have nodes, and wether or not these are angled to grow towards the light is the question of our experiment Etymology: Nodus- from latin
 * Node-** point on a stem where the leaf is attached

-The phloem is necessary in a plant, it helps provide its energy. Etymology [?]
 * Phloem:** Transport solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by Photosynthesis

-We are seeing how our bean sprouts respond to different amounts of light, which is similar to photoperiodism. Etymology[?]
 * Photoperiodism**- response of plants to periods of light and darkness

-The main question of our experiment is to see how dependent plants our to light, and to see if it can find the light on its own, this meaning to see how much the process of photosynthesis depends on light and how different amounts of light affects it. Etymology[?]
 * Photosynthesis:** The process in green plants and certain other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source.

-Photosystem is important for the process of photosynthesis. Etymology[?]
 * Photosystem:** light collecting units of chloroplast

-We are seeing how the amount of light affects the plants, this meaning we are experimenting with the process of phototropism. Etymology [?]
 * Phototropism:** Growth or movement of a sessile organism toward or away from a source of light.

-All plants start with a seed, and use photosynthesis to grow into plants. Etymology: Sead, Old English
 * Seed:** An embryo of a plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply.

The Seed coat helps protect the seed before it grows into a plant. Etymology [?]
 * Seed Coat**- Surrounds and protects the embryo and keeps the contents of the seed from drying out.

We hope our plants dont suffer from skototropism, because that would mean that our experiment was unsucessful. Etymology [y]
 * Skototropism-** the Negative affect of phototropism, or a plant growing away from the light source

The Roots help get the nutrients from the water in the ground. Etymology: Middle English rot
 * Roots-** Are underground organs that absorb water and minerals

The Root hairs are all over the root. Etymology [?]
 * Root Hairs-** Tiny cellular projections that cover the roots epidermal subsystem.

Veins have xylem in them and deliver nutrients. Etymology: Middle English, Veine
 * Veins:** tubular passageways that run throughout the body or plant

Xylem runs through the Veins of a plant and delivers nutrients. Etymology [?]
 * Xylem**- A transport subsystem that carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Photosynthesis is one of the main questions in this experiment. One of two questions for this experiment is does the amount of light shown on a plant affect how fast photosynthesis works, or how well it works. The process of photosynthesis happens in every plant cell. Every plant cell is an autotrophs, an autotroph is an organism that makes its own food. The plant cell makes its own food by converting light energy into chemical energy that provides that individual plant cell with energy to preform the necessary tasks. The process of photosynthesis begins in the chloroplast of a plant cell. There are multiple chloroplasts in every plant cell, but animal cells do not contain any chloroplasts because they are heterotrophs. Being a heterotroph means that you rely on other sources to get your food. So, once the water and light enter the chloroplasts they are gathered together, and at the same time carbon dioxide enters the chloroplast as well. The carbon dioxide is then sent over to the other side of the chloroplast to combine with the light and the water that had entered into the chloroplast previously. When the Carbon Dioxide is sent over it is called ADP. ADP is an energy strand of two proteins. Once they are all together they combine and are sent over to the calvin cycle, when they are being sent over the combination is called ATP. ATP is a strand of three proteins. ATP is basically how the chloroplast stores and releases energy. The only difference between ATP and ADP is that ADP has two instead of three proteins, the fact that ATP has 3 proteins gives it the ability to release energy. Once the ATP gets into the calvin cycle it is then transported to the rest of the cell.
 * Appendix 2:**

Phototropism is one major idea in our experiment. One of the questions that we are asking in this experiment is if a plant can find its way through a maze to the light. Phototropism is the direction a plant grows in response to the light source. Growth of a plant //towards// the light is a positive phototropism, while growth //away// from the light is a negative phototropism, or Skototropism. Now you might ask, how does Phototropism work? Well, Auxins are what enable this process to take place. Auxins are a certain type of plant hormones.
 * Phototropism:**

above you see a example of positive phototropism. you will notice how almost all of the plants are growing towards the light, and the one that is growing the farthest towards the light is the one closest to the sun. ;)

www.wilkepedia.com Miller KR, Levine JS. //Biology.// Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2006:
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