Nikki

FROG DISSECTION INVESTIGATION (DRAFT!!) Introduction: Our goal of this biology experiment was to successfully dissect two frogs and then take blood and skin samples to look under the microscope, then to two different sizes and compare to see if there’s a difference in organ size. The variables that are in play here are as the independent variable, the frog. And as the dependent variable hopefully the organs inside the frogs. My expectations of this experiment is that there will be a difference in size in the organs, because the smaller the frog, the smaller the organ. Also what we might find is that the structures of the organs are different in different gender of frogs.

Materials:
 * •** Safety gloves
 * •** forceps
 * •** 2 preserved frogs (one somewhat smaller than the other)
 * •** dissecting pins (6–10)
 * •** dissecting tray and paper towels
 * •** plastic storage bag and twist tie
 * •** scissors
 * •** marking pen
 * •** dissecting needle
 * •** Microscope for analysis

Procedure: The procedure that we did was first we went to [|http:///www.google.com] and searched froguts, a virtual frog dissection site, to get a feel of what we had to do so that we wouldn’t be entirely lost when we had to do the actual dissection. After a couple of times going through the site, we went out to get our frogs. The school frogs are too small, but the bull frogs they sell at Carrefour are big enough to be dissected. What you might want is to bring a Chinese speaker with you, and beware that the frogs are VERY energetic when still alive, and to proceed with caution. Once you are at home or at your school, put the frogs in fridge for about a day then in the freezer for two days to make sure its frozen. (Incase during the time of dissection the frog is too frozen, hairdryers are good for making them less frozen.) Then when you’re ready to dissect **safety gloves are very important to put on and to be careful because some of the cutting tools can cause injuries if used inappropriately.** What you first want to do is pin down the frog with one pin on each arm or leg so that when you dissect, your chances of the frog moving out of place are very low. Then with either a scalpel or scissor cut down the middle of the stomach area of the frog. To get it open more also cut across the frog(check image below for the dotted lines). Once those areas are cut, you will find a clear layer of fat, cut through that as well. As the layers increase, to get a better view of the organs, pinning the layers down will really help. After that you might want to cut the thorax as well to create more space. Once completing that, you should have before you a frog opened with all its organs visible. If you have a girl frog you can tell if it has ovaries. Then take out the organs one by one and observe the sizes and how they vary. Once you have completed one frog. Do the same processes with the second frog, but this time take blood samples and skin samples. Once you have the samples, take human blood and skin samples. Then look under the microscope to see how much we and frogs have either in common or not in common.

Glossary:


 * 1) Bladder: the bladder is a hollow, muscular, and elastic organ that sits on the pelvic floor. In Latin ( vesica urinaria).
 * 2) Cells: the cell is a single unit or compartment that is protected by a wall or membrane. In Latin (
 * 3) Circulatory system: The circulatory system is a system that pumps blood and nutrients throughout the body. The vital organs are the heart and lungs. In Latin
 * 4) Dissection: is usually the process of disassembling and observing something to determine its internal structure and as an aid to discerning the function.
 * 5) Digestive system:
 * 6) Fat bodies:
 * 7) Frog: is the animal that is dissected. The frog is an amphibian in the order Anura (meaning "tail-less" from Greek an-//,// without + oura, tail), formerly referred to as Salientia (Latin saltare, to jump).
 * 8) Gall bladder:
 * 9) Heart:
 * 10) Kidney:
 * 11) Large intestine: The large intestine, or the organ which is now more commonly referred to by its Greek name, the colon, is the last part of the digestive system in Latin (intestinum crassum).
 * 12) Liver: hepar is the latin word for liver. The liver is a large organ that serves many functions for the body, like the metabolism
 * 13) Lungs
 * 14) Microscope:
 * 15) Ovaries: is an egg producing, reproductive organ found in female organisms, such as humans, and other mammals also animals like frogs. The word ovaries comes from the latin word ovulum meaning small eggs.
 * 16) respiratory system: The repiratory system is the system that makes you breathe. The vital organs in this system are the lung.
 * 17) Stomach:
 * 18) Skin
 * 19) Small intestine: the small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) between the stomach and the large intestine and includes the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum. It is where the vast majority of digestion takes place. (in Latin, //intestinum tenue////)//


 * 1) Thorax:

Expectations: I expect a lot of things from this experiment. One thing that I expect is that dissecting the frog should not become a big problem and be a fast procedure. I also expect that once we have the blood samples and looking under the microscope, the cells will be no different to our human blood cells. Another expectation is once looking under the microscope with the skin, that we find very different results. I think this because our skin is very different then that of a frog, some of its functions are different so its appearance under the microscope must also be very different then of our skin.

CELL PICTURES: